F97-234.CHP:Corel VENTURA
نویسنده
چکیده
A Markov decision process model is developed to investigate the optimal scheduling of haul setting and retrievals on a factory trawler in the Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) fishery. The model was used to investigate changes in fishing behavior during a temporary ban on night fishing in 1992. The cycle of setting the net, fishing, and retrieving the net is modeled with different costs for each activity. The optimal controls generally consist of a bin threshold that signals the vessel to start fishing and a catch threshold that signals the vessel to stop fishing. A range of simple “rule of thumb” strategies generated nearly as much net revenue as the optimal control, indicating that the reward surface is flat in the region of the optimal control. A model with diel variation in catch rates caused the vessel to adjust bin and catch thresholds through the day to stockpile fish during the daylight hours and then to cut back on fishing at night when the catch rate is lower. With a ban on night fishing, vessels accumulated fish to a greater extent during the day, but daily net revenue did not decline significantly. Operational models of fishing have important applications in evaluating the consequences of management actions on the fishing industry. Regulations that ignore the constraints and trade-offs under which fishing vessels operate may fail to achieve their intended purposes, or may have unforseen adverse consequences. Résumé : Nous décrivons un modèle décisionnel de Markov mis au point pour déterminer la planification optimale de la mise à l’eau et de la remontée du chalut d’un chalutier-usine dans la pêche au merlu du Pacifique (Merluccius productus). Ce modèle a servi à l’étude du changement dans les comportements de pêche durant une période d’interdiction provisoire de la pêche nocturne, en 1992. Nous avons modélisé l’enchaînement des opérations de mise à l’eau, de pêche et de remontée du chalut en appliquant un coût différent à chacune. En général, les régulateurs optimaux sont le seuil de pêche, le bateau commençant à pêcher lorsqu’il est atteint, et le seuil d’arrêt, où la pêche cesse. Avec diverses stratégies basées sur une simple règle empirique, nous avons obtenu des revenus nets presque aussi élevés qu’avec le régulateur optimal, ce qui indique que la surface de gain est plate dans la région du régulateur optimal. Dans un modèle supposant des variations de prises sur 24 h, le bateau a ajusté toute la journée les seuils de pêche et d’arrêt de façon à accumuler le poisson durant le jour, la pêche cessant la nuit, période où le taux de capture est faible. Durant la période où la pêche a été interdite la nuit, les bateaux ont accumulé plus de poisson le jour, mais les revenus nets quotidiens n’ont pas baissé dans une mesure significative. La modélisation des opérations de pêche a des applications importantes dans l’évaluation des effets des mesures de gestion sur l’industrie halieutique. Si les autorités de réglementation ne tiennent pas compte des contraintes et des arrangements qui caractérisent l’exploitation des bateaux de pêche, leurs objectifs pourraient n’être pas réalisés ou leurs interventions pourraient avoir des effets nuisibles inattendus. [Traduit par la Rédaction]
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